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Avoiding Offense While Traveling
I asked my companion where I might relieve myself without giving offense. At first, he answered me in a rough and grumbling manner, as...
The Use of Tobacco among the Turks
In all the countries through which I traveled, I observed that the Turks made great use of tobacco. Many of them carried small bags...
Conversations with the Chiauses
I took great pleasure in speaking with the Chiauses, especially those who were older men. They were usually well educated by experience, spoke several...
Arrival at Leskovac
From there, we came to Leskovac, also called Lefcovia. In this town, I observed little of special note, except for a large tower, which...
The River Morava and Its Trade
By the River Morava, many of the goods of Servia and part of Bulgaria are carried down into the Danube, from where they are...
Journey to Baditzna and Changing Customs
From there we traveled onward to Baditzna, where I first noticed a clear change in the dress of the women. Their clothing appeared unusual...
Bulgaria as a Totalitarian and Socialist State
Bulgaria today is not only a country ruled by a totalitarian political system based on a proletarian dictatorship. It is also officially described as...
Religion Under the Communist Constitution
Article 78 of the Communist Constitution declared a separation between church and state. At first glance, this may appear to be a modern and...
Equality and Liberal Principles of the Tirnovo Constitution
The democratic character of the Tirnovo Constitution is clearly shown in Article 57. This article stated that all citizens were equal before the law....
The Bulgarians Character Education and Progress
Superstition and Education
In the past, and even to some extent today, Bulgarians have often been called a superstitious people. However, this was largely due...














